Star Trek Enterprise As A Guide - 1710 Words

If I were given the chance to use a time machine the number of places I would want to visit are countless. Would I go to 2490 BC to see the Pyramids of Giza being constructed? Would I visit 1590 to track down the mysteries of the ruins of Roanoke? While going to these places would be fascinating they wouldn’t solve my quest for knowledge on an extraterrestrial level. Though I was tempted to visit 1947 Roswell, New Mexico I would have been severely disappointed if it actually turned out to just be a weather balloon instead of a UFO. This is why I have decided to travel into the future to when we embark on space travel 2151 because after all Space is the final frontier. Now with anything in the future imagining what life holds ahead of us is guessing however I will use Star Trek Enterprise as a guide. The reason I will assume Star Trek Enterprise is like the future is due to the fact that it is the brink of space travel reaching out to the furthest reaches of the galaxy. With this in mind the technology while great is not a whole lot more advanced to what is being built today. In 2151 the launch of space travel opening a new age of exploration for Earth and mankind. With the verge of space travel the majority of time will be spent on the ship itself without contact coming for a while. I would expect tight quarters as there would be many crewmembers on board so it is nice I am not claustrophobic. While in space it might be exceedingly dangerous with navigating arounds cosmicShow MoreRelatedLeadership Theories And Approaches That Present Itself During The Course Of The Movie Into The Darkness 1322 Words   |  6 Pagessynonymous with intrigue and adventure. But what little notice is the subtle undertones of leadership genius within the Star Trek franchise. It is not just a nerd-lovers vice, no - it is also the story of effective leadership and healthy team dynamics. Most all of its characters are created in a way that lends itelf to fantastic leadership lessons. The most recent Star Trek hit – Into the Darkness, shares a story of a yound charismatic leader and how he evolves into a beloved friend and mentorRead More Strunk and Whiteâ €™s Elements of Style Essay1972 Words   |  8 PagesStrunk and White’s â€Å"Elements of Style† A typical science fiction fan can be more familiar about Star Trek and it’s characters than some of their own family members. For those that are not all that familiar with this â€Å"Sci Fi† show, Star Trek remains as a very well known icon in television history. The crew of the Starship Enterprise traveled to mysterious planets, through mysterious galaxies. I wonder if this journey couldn’t be compared to the journey of style for the writer. Read MoreTqm Versus Six Sigma2983 Words   |  12 Pagesimprovement or outcome, consider expanding the trial to a different area, or slightly increasing the complexity. This sends you back into the Plan phase and can be the beginning of the ramp of improvement (Watson p.132). The PDSA cycle can be used to guide the entire improvement project, or to develop specific projects once target improvement areas have been identified. On the other hand, Six Sigma uses the DMAIC cycle. â€Å"The Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control is used when a project’s goal canRead MoreCrimson Tide Review of Leadership Roles2614 Words   |  11 Pagesin the movie Hunter was discussing with a Petty Officer Third Class Russell Vossler (Lillo Brancato Jr.), a EAM radio controller, on how he was going to fix the damaged controller. Hunter kept an open dialog with Vossler making the association of Star Trek and the need of warp speed. Hunter possesses the aspects of a transformational leader. 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Our methods have helped Owens Corning, InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) and others realizeRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesWorld PART I Information Technology Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 1 17 Computer Systems 19 Telecommunications and Networking The Data Resource 95 60 PART II Applying Information Technology Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Enterprise Systems 189 Managerial Support Systems E-Business Systems 253 187 223 PART III Acquiring Information Systems 327 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Basic Systems Concepts and Tools 329 Methodologies for Custom SoftwareRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesof any company’s, or even country’s, ability to compete. 100092 00a 001-014 INT r1 go.qxp 5/13/11 9:53 AM Page 12 12 INTRODUCTION How The Innovator’s DNA Unfolds Like a pocket-sized map in a foreign place, our book serves as a guide to your innovation journey. The first part (chapters 1 through 6) explains why the innovator’s DNA matters and how the pieces can combine into a personalized approach to innovation. We put ï ¬â€šesh onto the â€Å"think different† slogan by explaining inRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesInternational Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of AmericaRead MoreAccounting 1-4 Chapter100452 Words   |  402 Pagesclimbing, and mountain biking. 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Sci228 Ilab Free Essays

Carmen Coronado iLab SCI 228 June 12, 2011 BMI Part 1 Define BMI-You must define BMI and not just as a general definition indicating its relationship to height and weight. Please also do not forget to define the actual term BMI! The body mass index (BMI) is of a measurement that was introduced in the early 19th century in order to categorize the entire population’s weight problems. The BMI is a statistic that is used to classify people’s weight as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese. We will write a custom essay sample on Sci228 Ilab or any similar topic only for you Order Now The formula that is used to calculate ones BMI is that the metric system will divide ones weight in kilograms by ones height in squared meters. Then the units call for the physicians to multiply ones weight in pounds by 703 and will then divide the number that was gotten by ones height in inches squared. The body mass index will indicate if one is underweight, normal, overweight, and or obese categories. Part 2 Calculate BMI-Many students use an automated calculator to complete this part of the assignment. I will deduct points if I do not see the actual math calculations. Please include all stages of the math calculations associated with determining your BMI. There is an approximately 1800 calories that should be ingested. As to my BMR (basal metabolic rate) is about 1300 calories, which I should be eating around 700 more calories in order for it to account for the amount of energy I will be expending during the day in both my daily activities. With regards to food, this entails eating adequate portions of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. A bowl of steel-cut oats with added whole milk, with a handful of almonds, topped with a tablespoon of ground flaxseed and mixed berries equates to around 600 calories. In the mid-morning I would have a snack of a protein shake and an apple that will work out to be about 100 calories. For lunch a tossed salad containing grilled chicken pieces, romaine lettuce, corn, shoestring beets, carrots, soybeans that will work out to be about 500 calories. For dinner I would have a plate with fried rice, some mixed vegetables, mashed potatoes, and a piece of fish seasoned with garlic salt and lemon that would come out to be about 500 calories. So I would be left with 100 calories at the end of my day. Reference -Janiszewski, Peter. Body mass index (BMI) as a measure of obesity and health: a critical appraisal. June 12, 2011. http://scienceblogs. com/obesitypanacea/2010/03/body_mass_index_bmi_as_a_measu. php How to cite Sci228 Ilab, Essay examples

Social Networking Perceptions and Experiences †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Networking Perceptions and Experiences. Answer: Introduction: The business environment has changed and is continuing to change fast. As technology continues to advance management, the use of social networks in business can no longer be ignored. Without social networks business no longer records high sales. Social networking is part and parcel of every business today. Over the years the use of social network working has enabled businesses to promote their brands. Businesses have also been able to connect with customers giving instant services online and getting clients feedback for purposes of making more improvement with regard to service delivery. Social networks are the new ways of doing business. Sharing and connecting different people to different products is the new method in the business environment. Competition is also stiff and the use of social networks is a must for all business. The need or a stronger relationship especially between businesses and their customers is also on the rise. With this objectives, all lined up a business has to be innovative and have the highest affinity towards technology. Todays business environment has seriously changed. It is nearly impossible to imagine doing business without the internet. A business that is outside a social network is as good as being out of business altogether. Despite the fact that social networking is here to stay, there is still some level of debate as what its advantages and disadvantages are. Several business leaders are still missing out on what exactly constitute social networking. There is no clear understanding of social networking and how business can apply it. This paper, therefore, looks at the advantages and disadvantages of the social network. It seeks to bring a clear understanding of the use of social networking. Statement of the problem Business competition is on the rise across the globe and the need to connect with customers and stakeholders are defining today's business. Social networking has, therefore, become prevalent not only in business but also amongst the general public. The objective of this study is to help understand social networking by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of social networking for businesses. This will help business to understand how social networking can be used by eliminating the raging confusion with regard to social networking in business. Other objectives include: To help business promote their brands and image To help business enhance their communication To help businesses apply social networking appropriately in order to serve customers. To help business improve their service delivery Several studies have been conducted. All these studies have been productive but there is still a lot that still needs to be done. Social networking Management still needs a comprehensive coverage. Technology is also not static, it keeps on changing and this leads to the emergence of new issues which needs attention. The many choices that social networking offers can be confusing if not fully explored and documented. In the business environment today, a lot of different changing aspects are on the rise. With these changes, it is possible for confusion to reign in such circumstances. Taking all these aspects into consideration, it is important that social networking is defined and well-studied for purposes of helping new startups as well as established organizations. Literature Review Social networking is a piece of digital real estate according to Ceglarek Ward, (2016 p. 31) in that it helps a business to show itself to the world and to let the world know about it. It connects business to the world. This way it helps promote a business and bring about achieving goals more effectively. The major point of concern in this particular paper looks at how social networking can be used creating connections. These connections are essential in bringing about interactions. Businesses seriously really need to interact with customers. Lack of interaction can be devastating. Without interacting with customers Management, the business cannot understand the mood of their customers, their concerns, desires, and complaints. Businesses find it easy to identify and correct mistakes speedily. This way, a business can save its name and image from damage (Cummings Dennis 2016). Social networking is a powerful promotional tool for business. For purposes of improving conversion rate, t he use of social networking is inevitable. The sharing of comments, allows business to connect and effectively interact with their respective customers. By complimenting a companys services, a company gets to build its image and gain more authority. On the other hand based on information users of social networks post publicly to various platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, blog posts, it is evident that in the event that a discussion forum reveals some aspects of company negatively such as its services, then that particular company can move swiftly to address the problem before it grows (Cummings Dennis 2016) An organization may use social networking to demonstrate to its customers the kind of services it offers. The very advantage of social networking is that it helps an organization to quickly address customer relations and apologize as soon as possible. Every business is unique. Every business has different goals and different objectives. Besides business may also have the different target demographic, various histories as well as the varied competitive marketplace. The importance of analyzing social media arises from the fact that business cannot compete effectively today without social networking. Todays business environment is so competitive such that it needs a lot of connections. A business that is sure to survive is one that uses social networking appropriately and effectively. A proper use of social networking needs the proper understanding of how social networking operates. Moreover the fact that social networking is dynamic and constantly evolving as technology advances also make it important to study social networking keenly and into details. This is helpful if a business is to keep up with constant changes, challenges, and new findings that are significant in bringing about powerful influences a companys social networking success rate (Cummings Dennis, 2016) Methodology This section of the paper will deal with projects overall framework, the sampling frame as well as the necessary procedure to be applied, It will also handle data collection methods, the research questions of this project and the hypothesis to be tested in the entire project as well as the projects procedure for analysis. The use of social networking in business is the key to achieving a businesss revenue goals and productivity despite the lack clear understanding of the entire concept by various business stakeholders. What are the gains of social networks in business What are the drawbacks of social networks in business What are the measures to take so as to address the drawbacks of social networks in business Management? How beneficial is social networking to business today Sample, sampling frame and sampling procedure The sampling frame for this project will consist of business stakeholders preferably managers. The total sample with be composed of a total of 60 business managers. This respondent will be selected based on the number of years the business has been in operation. Only those who have tried to use social networking will be selected who will be interviewed. 50of these business managers from upcoming business and startups will be selected and 50 other business managers from a well-established business according to Choi (2016). Data will be collected by the use of questionnaires. The best way to reach the target respondents much faster will be through the use of emails. Emailing respondents has proved to be the most convenient method of data collection over the years. This is due to the fact that it minimizes traveling expenses as well as time wasted in while waiting for appointments to materialize (Orcher 2017). As compared to other methods of data collection, emailing respondents stands out to be the most effective in today's busy environment where time is a scarce resource. It makes it easier to reach respondents from various geographical backgrounds. Questionnaire that are well structured will be mailed to the respondents. This will enable the collection very comprehensive information. Social networking can only be understood if the required information is collected well. For purposes of carrying out analysis, this study will employ the use of SPSS - a statistical package of social scientist. The use of primary data will be profound in this particular research. According to Sudheesh, Duggappa, Nethra (2016, p. 631), primary data is the most appropriate data to use in carrying out analysis since it is free from bias. Unlike secondary data, primary data is free from unnecessary correction. The cases of doctored data is also minimized. This study particular study assumes that all the business managers will cooperate and respond to the emails as fast as possible with correct information. Strengths and limitations of the study This study will use primary data so the possibility of arriving at a conclusion based on doctored data will be non-existent. One the other hand, some of the limitations of this particular study arises from the fact that some of the respondents may at times not respond. Others may not give a true reflection of their experience with social networking which may affect the overall analysis. However, the questionnaire will be designed in such a manner as to avoid these limitations. References Sudheesh, K., Duggappa, D. R., Nethra, S. S., 2016. How to write a research proposal?. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 60(9), 631. Choi, Y. 2016. Social networking perceptions and experiences in todays business. Race Ethnicity and Education, 1-13. Orcher, L. T., 2017. Conducting a survey: Techniques for a term project. Routledge. Cummings, J. and Dennis, A., 2016. Enterprise Social Networking Sites and Knowledge Sharing Intentions in Virtual Teams. Ceglarek, P.J. and Ward, L.M., 2016. A tool for help or harm? How associations between social networking use, social support, and mental health differ for sexual minority and heterosexual youth. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, pp.201-209.

Why I want to be an Army Aviator Essay Example

Why I want to be an Army Aviator Essay Each of us has different aspirations in life. Being responsible and determined are the key roles in being successful in life. They can help us to aim for higher goals. My name is (insert your name here) I wanted to be an Army Aviator and I have all the knowledge and skills for the said position.The different challenges we face in our day-to-day lives help us become who we are today. These experiences give us a glimpse of reality and allowed us to strive hard and become the best that we can be. As a child, I have always believed that I am special. I believe that someday I will be notable for doing something not only for my family but for the benefit of my countrymen. Although I faced so many struggles I maintain my optimism and hard work. I was able to learn backgrounds about aviation and how important the job of an army aviator is. Because of this, I grew up knowing that even if I have a lot of imperfections, I can still hone myself to succeed and be recognized for my skills. I alway s give my best in everything I do. For me, being in this position is essential in the success of y individuality. It will make me overwhelmed because I am trusted with handling not only the aircraft but also the lives of people who I am with. Once given the chance to be in the position I will strive hard and rise above the rest.Being an army aviator is one great privilege that should not be taken for granted. I am motivated to travel the road towards becoming an extraordinary army aviator where I can participate in service and in innovating goals and ideas. I have the right mindset, cognitive ability, perceptual accuracy and speed, personality and the right attitude to be in the position. I love the practice of army aviation and I am blessed with priceless knowledge that will serve as my driving force to continue the journey towards my true calling.

Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi-National Companies Essay Example

Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi-National Companies Essay Should Ethical Principles be Applied by Multi-National Companies Essay The question ‘Should Ethical Principles be applied by Multi-National Companies definitely deserves serious answer as this question deals with the economic condition of employees and workers. Also, these multi- National companies played an important economic role in the host country not only in the form of government taxes but in the employment of hundreds if not thousands of workers, which in turn, their families economic needs depends on their take home pay.Winkler and Remisova in their paper defined business ethics as â€Å"an official document of a company that specifies ethical norms, principles, values and ideals† (par. 1).   This definition tried to explain that these codes will serve as guidelines for the employees to behave ethically towards external groups, and that the companies set and apply these ethical principles in order to â€Å"achieve different objectives among others the prevention of incidents caused by ethical misbehavior, better fulfillment of st akeholders’ needs, enhancement of stakeholders’ trust in the company, as well as protection against control and punishment by external authorities (Kaptein as cited by Winkler and Remisova, par. 1).In the paper written by Ingo Winkler and Anna Remisova entitled ‘Do Corporate Codes of Ethics Reflect Issues of Societal Transformation,’ presented the different approaches of the Western German and Slovak companies in the application of ethical principles.   The paper presented that the corporate codes of ethics from these two great enterprises differ as they face ethical situations; the Slovak companies usually â€Å"mirror the specific transformational circumstances in the country† while the German companies â€Å"experience a broader range of relevant ethical problems and codes are internally oriented† (Winkler and Remisova, abstract).   This only indicates that ethical principles applied usually based on the cultural orientation of the com pany as it relates to the environment.   The authors added that the â€Å"negative experiences within the past process of transformation and in part the socialist heritage are the main reasons for the differences between the two samples† (abstract).Most companies exist having written policy with the purpose of integrating company values and ethical principles and help organize and control employee for the sake of the company.   Herbert W. Lovelace stated that these companies have these written policies that require ethical behavior but in many cases, managers live only by the words and not by practice (Lovelace, summary, par. 1).   The emphasis of the statement of Lovelace is the gap going on between the practice and the principles especially in the presence of personal gain and the value of treating people fairly.   The author cited the case wherein the company in order to cut expenses, they need sometimes to demote or fire employees in form of reorganization (Lovela ce, par. 3).This fact about principles and practice of ethics in the business has been supported by Eleanor O’Higgins as she discussed why many companies especially multinational companies are fell behind of the supposed to be backbone of the company.   She said that â€Å"principles can easily fall by the wayside under pressure; pressure can emanate from outside forces, like competition or regulation or from within the organization itself† (O’Higgins, par. 2).   She explained further that out of those temptations in the company, employees usually coerced to behave contrary to their own principles and the company’s principles until this behavior became commonplace in an organization.   She emphasized that there is not organization that is exempted from temptation (par. 3), and this is more common in companies with highly competitive environments, highly diversified, complex organizations with far-flung geographical operations; business that rely on government contracts, businesses with products or services that my impact on public health and safety; competing for high stakes; weak corporate governance structures and processes; and, principled people, especially leaders really count but can be hard to find.   One of the consequences according to O’Higgins is that these companies will find difficulty controlling business units and subsidiaries that are â€Å"subject to different industry and political, social and cultural environment and competitive pressures† (par. 9).Worse is, according to O’Higgins, those who made it to the top are those personalities characterized as powerful in decision-making, egocentric, insincere, dishonesty, corrupt, and sometimes â€Å"ruthless murderous hostility towards anyone who threatens their position† (par. 25).The Significance of Ethical PrinciplesDespite substandard society due to lack of ethical principles, moral upgrading is still very significant for many reaso ns.   In the article written by Sven Helin and Johan Sandstrom, they explained that more and more corporations worldwide are â€Å"developing and implementing corporate code of ethics that consists of moral standards that is used to guide employee or corporate behavior† (p. 1).   The idea of a code according to Graves as cited by Helin and Sandstrom, is not a â€Å"cure-all, and it possesses no magic powers by which it can change moral darkness into light† (p. 1).   The author further stated that despite that, it is an effective instrument†¦ that can contribute much to the cause of truth and honor to business relationship† (par. 1).Applying ethical principles globally by these Multi-National companies will surely positively affects the condition of these workers; perhaps their take home pay will become a little bit more uplifting economically. But what is this global ethical principle?John Eade and Darren O’Byrne pointed out that global ethics i s new term which has come into use in the last few decades. They noted that it signifies â€Å"something increasingly important in how we construct and address questions concerning how we ought to live in the global context† (p. 74). Multi-National companies must recognize this global ethics and obliged to commits themselves to apply global ethical principles in their global business operation. How ever, there is a problem as there seems to have no clear consensus on how the frameworks of these ethical principles should be constructed.However, many multinational corporation begin to acknowledge the importance of ethics in the business; profits should be earned upon an ethical foundation for they go hand in hand which must be done strategically.   Findings have showed that companies that hold on ethical principles have increased remarkably its profit and developed further stronger relations with clientele and even shareholders.   Ethical principles also helped to lessen co nflicts between differing interests of people in the company from the owner down to community.Ethics in Business as a Social ResponsibilitySocial responsibility is regarded by many social analysts as an area of business ethics in which it emphasizes every company’s obligation to society and humanity.  Ã‚   Business therefore must help cultivate and maintain ethical principles and practices and at the same time maintaining the business to grow higher.According to John Kirton and Michael Trebilcock, There is now a wide spread agreement that multi-national companies â€Å"do have responsibilities that extend their share holder to their stake holders the values and principles on which regulatory frame work should be constructed and a supportive foundations of dialogue and debate with in and across the government, private, and voluntary sector† (p. 18). Kirton and Trebilcock pointed out that the problem is how the general principles should be interpreted and applied, who should be involved in the interpretive enterprise and how responsibility for ensuring respect and compliance be assigned† (p. 18).   These questions are fundamental because most of these multinational companies protect their profit and they may not initiate such commitments.   Harbhajan Kehal and Vaninder Singh noted that defining code of ethics which would be acceptable to all business organization in all cultures â€Å"has been said to be an impossible task† (p. 12).But they pointed out that since there are some ethical values that can do cross cultural boundaries, then, it could be possible to choose a set of ethical values and construct a set of guiding principles that would be universally acceptable.   They cited current efforts on the international scene which is â€Å"considering the programs that encourage a culture of mutual respect in which everyone understands and values the similarities and differences among employees, customers, communities, and othe r stakeholders.   Kehal and Singh pointed out that besides these global ethics issues, there are some more ethic issues that â€Å"should be the core for any particular company’s code of ethics.†Ã‚   These are follows: diversity, equal opportunity and respect in the work place, environment, health and safety, financial integrity, and accurate company records.   Ethical principles are significant to be applied globally by multinational companies even though they are moral responsibilities that pose threat to their commercial goals and profits.Michael Santoro emphasized that corporate executives and human rights advocates alike need to understand that when it comes to human rights, the world is   entitled to expect multinational corporations to their fair share† (p. 158).   In other words, applying ethical principles globally should not be an option for these multinational companies but an obligation to get huge profit from the skills and work effort of the workers.   This obligation must be based from a framework of moral duties about a minimum standard that should be expected of all.Santoro pointed out some questions such as: (1) What in particular situations should a company fulfill its moral duties while minimizing the possibility of economic loss? (2) What significance should the potential of economic loss have in assessing moral responsibility for human rights that would help multinational companies construct ethical principles they could apply in their global operation (p. 96), given the fact that there can be no unified ethical principles that apply to every business situation, as ethical practices differ in different cultures.Another paragraph most authors argued that there are practical difficulties in selecting particular ethical principles that could be universally applied.   R.G. Frey and Christopher Heath Wellman pointed out that this is because â€Å"background institutions such as socialism, capitalism and cultura l and religious mores confound cross-cultural operations† (p. 546).   Frey and Heath Wellman noted that â€Å"these background institutions create different ethical points of view, and because of their endemic nature, they are difficult for a corporation to confront† (p. 546).Towards Executive ExcellenceNo one in the world of business is excused from becoming morally upright.   As George Ritcheske pointed out in his article that, â€Å"abuses of power and a lack of integrity among business leaders are seemingly rampant† (Ritcheske, abstract par. 1).   Yet, he emphasized that people need to â€Å"run business in accordance with timeless principles.†Ã‚   This could be a difficult battle but if someone aims for a stronger foundation and a successful business, he or she has to be morally upright.   In his article, he presented four principles that a company must take hold on to in order to be ethically principled.   He enumerated them as follows: (1) Do what is right and tell the truth, (2) Trust is a must, (3) Recognize and build people, (4) Respect the importance of balance (Ritcheske, abstract, par.1).   He further emphasized that when a leader begin with honesty, trust, recognition and balance, they can build an organization that â€Å"offers products and services, treats its employees as essential for success, and rises above the competition† (par. 9).Llewellyn E. Piper stated in her article entitled ‘Ethics: The Evidence of Leadership’ that â€Å"†¦leaders must have the ability to make decisions based on ethics† (par. 1).   The reason for this according to her is that, leadership must have values grounded on ethical principles â€Å"to ensure the survivability of an organization† (abstract, par. 1).   She made this idea because in her observations, there are many organizations today that do not give much emphasis on a culture of ethics and because of that, many leaders face eth ical problems and issues.   In the same way, philosophy is encouraged to learn again as it provides definitions, guidelines and models that could assist everyone in pursuing ethical principles in the company.ConclusionI believe that multinational companies can apply ethical principles at least in their own global operations if only they would wish to do so.   It is quite clear that there is certainly no unified ethical principle for these multinational companies particularly because they operate on different countries with each differing cultural backgrounds and social orientation and educational and religious orientation.   However, since the issue of ethical principle is global and that there are widely accepted ethical principles such as, we ought to respect one another’s right, fairness and so forth, there is really a strong ground that these multinational companies should apply ethical principle.As most literature has pointed out, multinational companies have moral responsibilities in the host country, as well as in the condition of their workers.   Many multinational companies tend to exploit the host countries’ weakness by offering minimal per day wages as compared to other country with relatively strong economic condition.   Others however merely exploit the mineral resources of the host country such as mining in most African countries by European multinational companies.   In Angola for example, most Angolans denounced the system which these multinational companies employed.   These companies hired overseas workers and pay them relatively higher than local Angolan workers.   Much worse is that these locals are given the difficult work assignment with very low wages while their own country’s minimal resources are being shipped out of their country.   Thus, despite of their diamonds and other mineral deposits, most of the African countries live in extreme poverty.Kirton and Trebilcock pointed out a similar case of a Canadian corporation in Southern Sudan.   Kirton and Trebilcock noted that nearly two million people in Sudan have been killed since Civil War broke out in 1983, and more than 4.5 million people have internally affected and displaced.   Kirton and Trebilcock noted that this Canadian firm, Talisman energy which is engaged in oil operations â€Å"have focused on its contribution to the massive displacement of people on and around the drilling site, and the millions of dollars in oil revenues going to the central government from the sale of its oil that has increased the regime’s capacity to wage civil war and reduced its incentives to negotiate in good faith with opposition interest† (p. 18).They further noted that despite of Talisman’s endorsement of the international code of ethics for Canadian business and its commitment to issuing an annual corporate social responsibility report, they find that Talisman’s interests and authority are such that â₠¬Å"its activities necessarily undermine international human rights in Sudan† (p. 18).These particular instances are global concerns especially pertaining to human rights that must be addressed to.   Thus, ethical principles are not only applied within business relations but also international relations of countries.   Ethical principles do not simply guide behavior of staff and employees but also an obligation to humanity.   Through which, multinational companies must endeavor to establish a company founded on ethical principles.

Autism 3

Autism 3 Essay Many years ago, I watched a young boy rock back and forth as he worked a crossword puzzle. I tried to distract him from working the puzzle to ride bikes with me. I continuously asked him to play with me, but he kept staring at the puzzle while I attempted to look in his eyes. He took the puzzle apart and flipped the pieces in the air, one at a time. He did not speak, but he made crying noises. The more I asked questions or talked to him, the louder his cries became. As his frustration grew, he balled his fists up, punched his eyes, and kicked his feet. I was curious about his activity. I was later told the boy {my brother} was autistic, says Tamara Robinson in an interview. Autism is a syndrome of childhood characterized by a lack of social relationship, a lack of communication abilities, persistent compulsive, rituals, and resistance to change (Paluszny 1). For centuries, medical professionals have tried to understand autism and its origin. The above example shows only a few examples of autistic behavior. The history of autism extends, as far back as the late sixteenth century; however, during that time it was not identified as this illness. Here is a statement from before the discovery of the illness: In 1799, a boy about eleven years of age was found naked in the woods of Averyron, France. He was dirty, covered with sores, mute, and behaved like A wild animal. Jean Itard, the physician of the new institution for deaf-mutes, Was given charge of the abandoned child. From Itards description, Victor Showed many features of autismhe did not look at people and never Played with the toys, but showed remarkable memory in recalling the position Of objects in his room and resisted any change of these objects. (Paluszny 2) In attempt to educate Victor, Itard used a glass of water as a form of encouragement, but he continued to remain silent and never spoke any words. It was not until 1943 that the label autism was used by a child psychiatrist, named Leo Kanner to describe the symptoms. The term autism derives from auto, the Greek word for self, (Hamblin 137). Kanner used this term when he studied eleven children who had a unique form of schizophrenia (Hamblin 136). Although, it was later determined that even though some of the characteristics of schizophrenia and autism are not the same, Kanner did open new doors for an intensive study of a confusing syndrome. The causes of autism are unknown. In most cases, the pregnancies of mothers of autistic children were normal. Occasionally, there were cases of maternal bleeding, prematurity, or maternal rubella, but these situations do not appear consistently. One possibility that scientists have researched is genetics. Chromosomal studies have been attempted to detect if autism is a result of too many chromosomes, because autism is more dominant in males than females, (Ritvo 169). The frequency in males is approximately 3/5,000 (Ritvo 169). Since females have two X-chromosomes and males have an X and Y chromosome, than the Y chromosome can be considered in current research activities. Another possibility is the malfunctioning of the brain. According to Adler, neurobiological researchers have localized several regions of the brain that are responsible for social interaction skills (248). Frith says, a biological defect causes autism, the symptoms which include a lack of communication, socialization and imagination. Scientists are continually searching for answers. During the stages of infancy, the autistic baby seems normal. Then, a period of time before the age of three, the child experiences regression. In some cases, the first signs are at the age of three. There is no exact determination of when the signs appear. When autistic parents were told to think back in time before the third year, some parents said that they could not pinpoint exactly what the difference was, but they described a vague feeling that something was wrong from infancy (Paluszny 4). In normal development of children, Paluszny says that one of the first milestones is the social smile (4). Babies smile and respond to the faces and voices of adults. The autistic infant does not bring about .

Organisational Culture Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Organisational Culture - Research Proposal Example This paper is a research proposal on the organization culture of McDonalds that has enabled it to be successful in the emerging market of India. The hypothesis for the research is that McDonalds organization culture and entry strategy into India is the main factor that has contributed to the success of the organization in the market. The proposal will explore the literature on international business and emerging markets and relate them to the success of the organization in India. The final study will use primary inquiry to identify if and how the organization culture relates to success in the international market. Over the years and especially in the last thirty years, the global business competition has become a very important consideration for entrepreneurs (Knight & Kim 2009)(Griffith et al. 2008). The competition has begun to have a decisive influence on the strategic planning, organisational culture and management both in the large corporations and in other small companies that have previously relied on the local markets (Ghemawat 2003). Corporations are now largely involved in establishing their place in international business environment either directly or indirectly. The increasing need for globalization and exploration of international business has led many companies in the world to allocate more resources to cross-cultural management (Doz 2011) (Kedia & Englis 2011). The nature of culture and its implication on the internationalization of business have been studies for long (Field et al. 2010). Hofstede (2009) defines culture as the programmed state of mind that distinguishes members of one group of people from those of another. In the case of international business, culture can be defined as the way of doing things that differentiate people from one country to another or one organization to another (Hofstede 2009). Culture, be it of a country or

A critical evaluation of one aspect of contemporary hospitality Essay

A critical evaluation of one aspect of contemporary hospitality management - Essay Example These trends have eventually emerged over the period of six decades where the hospitality industry not only expanded but has also seen immense diversification where it is now a booming economic sector (Jones & Pizam 1993 p. 34). Also, with time, the international hospitality industry is shifting away from the traditional vacationing space and vacuum, towards a more integrated approach to encompass various aspects of hospitality management. Also, with globalization and media exposure, people are more interested in exploring Asian cultural and values predicated by developing states which has further paved way for progress in the hospitality management techniques globally. In addition, where other sectors have also been impacted by global depression and economic shocks, global hospitality industry has only reflected growth pattern where around 25 million people showed interest in travelling in the 1950`s while recent trends show that around 1,035 million people undertook foreign trips i n the year 2012 alone. This explains how the trends have been changed drastically in favor of hospitality industry and thus, investors should definitely make a mark on this shift and funnel resources toward this trend (Bremmer 2013 p. 3). Furthermore, an estimate indicated that out of the foreign travelers, around half of the percentage comprised of those who were travelling for holidays, some kind of leisure activities or recreational activities. Also, around 14% of these tourists reported to have travelled for business transaction purposes, while around 27% of these tourists reportedly travelled for VFR purposes (for visiting their friends or relatives) (Tata 2009, p. 1437-1440). Therefore, the industry shifts should also tilt accordingly, where investors should focus on developing spots aimed at enhancing vacationing experiences of these

Emotional Memory Essay Example for Free

Emotional Memory Essay Emotional memory pertains to an individual’s recollection of incidents that have occurred in the past. The mechanism behind such strong retention is mainly based on the emotions that are associated with that particular event, resulting in a increased level of attention that facilitates encoding of the event in the memory of an individual. Emotional memory is also involved in ruminations of the occurrence, regardless of the length of time that has already passed away since the actual event. This kind of memory can be distinguished from other neurobiological concepts of memory because its retention is very strong due to the influence of emotions, which technically magnifies details of the incident. Research has shown that emotional memory is imprinted in the cortical region of the brain. This description is supported by observations that several neural activities occur in the cortex, thus facilitating memory retention. Several studies have indicated that emotional memory involves two major processes, namely encoding and post-encoding. The first process of encoding involves the heightened level of attention of an individual during the actual event, while post-encoding pertains to the consolidation of the details of the event after the actual incident, coupled with enhancement that is triggered by the emotions that were set off at that time. One prime example of an emotional memory is the vivid recall of an accident that is associated with physical injury and blood. Regardless of the length of time that the incident has occurred, the individual who was involved in the accident is still capable of remembering the accident even after several years. One complication of emotional memory is that an individual finds it difficult to dissociate his emotions with regards to a particular incident. It is thus extremely hard for an individual to go back to the site of an accident if this person almost died at that time. It has been suggested that evolution also plays a role in emotional memory, wherein the brain of human beings has acquired the capacity to retain details of an event in order to survive that particular incident. It may thus be possible that through fear, early primates and other higher mammals may have learned to stay away from predators and other harmful environmental components in order to survive in the wild. These species may have adapted such modes of memory by being subjected to extreme discomfort or pain that is related to incidents such as toxin exposure or predation and thus their perception for harmful conditions may have been imprinted in their brains and possibly passed on to their offspring. The exact mechanism behind the retrieval of memories associated with a particular incident based on emotional settings still remains elusive up to this date. The unique feature of storage for a prolonged period of time further complicates the pathway and several analysts have attempted to address this question. Neurobiologists have suggested that emotional memory may be act as a complete process unless an individual is able to retrieve the information associated with a specific incident in the past. Storage of information, or encoding, is simply one component of the entire emotional memory pathway yet the retrieval of specific information is essential in determining that the entire process has been completed. It has also been suggested that emotional memory is easier to access over the neutral events, and this is also partly due to the role of amygdala, which influences how the hippocampus functions at such events. In addition to the emotional influence, sleep also sways the brain to remember specific incidents, wherein the amount of sleep can result in a positive or negative condition for memory. According to Sterpenic et al. (2007), memory is influenced by sleep through the imposition of neural correlates. Through the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a comparison of neural connections was examined among subjects who were able to sleep for a sufficient amount of time and those who were deprived of sleep. The investigation was designed towards a stage wherein the subjects were allowed to undergo post-encoding, which is one of the two stages of emotional memory. The investigation showed that subjects who received enough hours of sleep had the ability to remember the positive events that occurred. On the other hand, an interesting observation came from those subjects who were subjected to a particular negative event. They observed that regardless of sufficiency or lack of sleep, the subject participant was able to retain the details of the negative event, most probably through the characteristic emotion that was generated from the negative stimuli. Another observation gathered by neurobiologists regarding emotional memory was that several regions of the brain were responsible in retaining such details and emotions. The two major brains areas involved in emotional memory were the hippocampus and the cortex. Specific regions of the cortex that were responsible for emotional memory included the prefrontal cortex, which is also involved in criminality. It seems that negative emotions, such as that involved in emotional memory, are largely stored in this region of the brain. Moreover, fMRI scanning showed a functional connection between these two regions of the brain and the combinatorial effect of these regions was magnified when the incident is featured with negative stimuli or emotions. It is interesting to know that sleep may also have a selective effect on the memory of an individual. The amygdala was observed to only stimulate the hippocampus for encoding when a negative event has occurred and this happens with or without sleep. On the other hand, a happy incident will only be stored in the hippocampus if an individual receives enough sleep. Such selective storage of details may be largely influenced by emotions during that particular event, and not simply by the amount of time that an individual was able to sleep. Such kinds of research investigations are thus important in the providing a better understanding of how emotions influence an individual’s memory and ultimately, one’s mental condition. It has also been shown that emotions play a major role in the storage of details in the brain. In an investigation that involved manipulation of the context of emotion of subject participants, the activity of the neural networks in the brain was examined. A specific memory tested also allowed the comparison of retrieval capacities of the brain and the research conducted by Smith et al. (2005) showed that the presence of emotions increased the likelihood that an individual will retain the details of the incident. The emotional memory tested in this study showed that the actual area of brain involved in this mechanism is the left side of the amygdala, as well as the left side of the frontotemporal region of the cortex. The study also showed that the right side of the amydala and the frontotemporal cortex was not capable enough of storing details of a specific incident, regardless of its coupling to emotions. It is thus possible that when an individual has damaged the left side of his brain, then it is impossible for him to recall any other details of his past. It should also be understood that cognition is mainly based on memory as well as emotion, yet for several yesterday there were not attempts performed into looking into the finer details of the pathway. In addition, there were also only a few reported regarding the interaction of the amygdala and the cortex and on how these two regions responded to each other’s messages. The advent of high definition imaging technologies such as the magnetic resonance imaging allowed the visualization of internal regions of the brain that were perceived to be unreachable by an other analytical means. References Smith, A. P. , Henson, R. N. , Rugg, M. D. and Dolan, R. J. (2005). Modulation of retrieval processing reflects accuracy of emotional source memory. Learning and Memory, 12, 472–479. Sterpenich, V. , Albouy, G. , Boly, M. , Vandewalle, G. , Darsaud, A. , Balteau, E. , Dang-Vu, T. T. , Desseilles. M. , D’Argembeau, A. , Gais, S. , Rauchs, G. , Schabus, M. , Degueldre, C. , Luxen, A. , Collette, F. , Maquet, P. (2007). Sleep-related hippocampo-cortical interplay during emotional memory recollection. PloS Bi

Heroism in Lord Jim Essays -- Conrad Lord Jim Essays

Heroism in Lord Jim    In the heartfelt novel, Lord Jim, Joseph Conrad explores the concept of heroism through the conduct and emotions of Jim, a man who spends his life attempting to seek penance for an act of cowardice he committed as a young officer during the shipwreck of the Patna in the East. Through the eyes of the narrator, Marlowe, the reader sees Jim's internal struggle to repent for his sin as he "jumps" from job to job trying to escape his ominous legacy, eventually landing in the dangerous and isolated community in a native state, Patusan. There he lives contentedly detached and hidden from the Patna until civilization reenters his dome in the form of an evil man, Brown --unveiling Jim's repressed and remote secret by hitting his guilty conscience -- causing Jim's long awaited dark fated death, yet, ending his life with a trace of heroism. Throughout the novel, Jim internally aspires toward the significant and frequently occurring image, courage. From the very beginning he sees "himself saving people from sinking ships . . . an example of devotion to duty, and as unflinching as a hero in a book" (3). His thoughts would be full of valorous deeds: He loved these dreams and the success of his imaginary achievements. They had a gorgeous virility, the charm of vagueness, they passed before him with a heroic tread . . ." (12). Despite this heroic desire, while on the Patna, Jim and five others ironically betray the "savage" men who were "surrendered to the wisdom of white men and to their courage"(10) when they abandon the sinking ship to insure their own safety. Conrad explains this action to be human, a natural response, something any person would have done in his situation. When Marlowe first encounter... ...le of bravery. After two years, Marlowe visits the Patusan and meets, or rather upsets, Jim and his companions. Marlowe says that they "know him to be strong, true, wise, brave . . . he was all that . . . he was more . . . he was great -- invincible -- and the world did not want him, it had forgotten him, it would not even know him" (206). When Jim encounters Brown, a man "not afraid of death" (230), he convinces his friends that Brown is no harm to them because that's what Jim truly believes. Unfortunately, advised and guided by the sneaking Cornelius, Brown had plans to attack the Malays under Dain Waris, Doramin's son. After Dain Waris was killed, Jim understood. "He had retreated from one world, for a matter of an impulsive jump, and now the other, the work of his own hands, had fallen in ruins upon his head" (265). The Malays will never trust Jim again.   

John Taylor Gatto Against School Essay

When it comes to the traditional education, John Taylor Gatto’s â€Å"Against School† questions whether we really need the nine month, drawn out, traditional curriculum. Gatto goes on to name several successful people through history that were not products of a contemporary school system. When I think of Gatto’s theory of forced schooling, a friend of mine named John Smith who goes by the alias of Viper comes to mind. Viper is in his late 20’s, lives in South Philadelphia, and has worked as a Roofer for the past 10 years. Viper went to a public school in South Philadelphia. Viper went to a school where said, â€Å"It wasn’t easy. I was scrawny and white and we were poorer than the jigs that went to school wit us, so we caught alota shit.† Viper’s school was extremely underfunded. â€Å"Some days there would be trash laid out by the trash cans cause nobody would change the trash bags, the food was shit, and the bathrooms†¦forget i t.† He would walk twelve blocks back to his house just to go to the bathroom. There were no extracurricular activities like book clubs and band and the school was rundown and decrepit. Eventually he started to miss classes regularly. He felt that the teachers did not care. Classes were extremely boring to him. He was actually approached by his biology teacher and told he could cut class everyday as long as he turned in his work and he would receive a D at the end of the year. He was not amused by the offer, he was not even interested in graduating anymore. â€Å"I expected to be a laborer for the rest of my life so I felt like education was unimportant.† Viper’s education started taking a back seat to work around his sophomore year of high school. He was the middle child in a family of four, all of whom have dropped out of high school and are laborers today. â€Å"My parents made me get a job when I was thirteen, that’s the way it was with all my brothers,† says Viper. Eventually he started to make a decent amount of money and admits to being extremely naà ¯ve, saying â€Å"Why the fuck was I gonna go ta school for eight more years if I was makin’ 25-30 thousand dollars a year. Do the math, instead of spendin 100 thousand dollars in college and waste my time in school I coulda made 200 thousand dollars by the time I was 24.† One day Viper decided to make an appointment with a school counselor. He was hardly going to class, working every day when he was supposed to be in school, and partying every night and having fun. School was more of a social event. He was just going to school to see his friends and make plans for the weekend. When he told the school counselor that he was planning on dropping out the counselor stood up, looked him in the eye, extended his hand and said, â€Å"Good Luck!† â€Å"The guy didn’t even give a shit!† Viper said. By the time December came around of his sophomore year, he was a high school dropout. He was working everyday by that time already so he was not stagnant. He was still living with his parents. The fact that he dropped out was ok with them because he could â€Å"contribute to the house,† as his father put it. Viper eventually saved enough money to get his own place and now lives with his wife of three years and their two children who are two and five years of age. He said, â€Å"I always thought I learned more out of school than in high school, but it’s not what my kids are gonna do†. He aspires to open his own roofing company one day. Although I do not agree with the path that Viper chose in life, he is happy and successful today. He is a great father and happily married. He does not drink anymore and devotes every second of his free time to his family. In a way he is almost a survivor to me. He is not well spoken or the brightest guy in the world, but he would d o anything in his power to help any person in a bind.

Integrated Marketing Communications Essay

Definition: Integrated Marketing Communication Definition: IMC is a concept of marketing communications planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communications disciplines – for example, general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations – and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communications impact by The American Association of Advertising Agencies (the 4A’s) The Emergence of IMC The Market revolution forcing a movement towards IMC: †¢ †¢ A shift of marketing dollars from media advertising to other forms of promotion, particularly consumer and trade oriented sales promotions A movement away from relying on advertising-focused approaches, which emphasize mass media such as television and national magazines, to solve communication problems A shift in marketplace power from the manufacturer to the retailer The rapid growth and development of database marketing Demands for greater accountability from advertising agencies and changes in the way agencies are compensated The rapid growth of the Internet, which is changing the very nature of how companies do business and the ways they communicate and interact with consumers †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The Role of Marketing Communication Marketing communication performs several functions for consumers: †¢ Consumers are told how the product is used, by what kind of person, and where and when †¢ Consumers learn about who makes the product and what the company and the brand stand for †¢ It allows companies to link their brands to other people, places, events, brands, experiences, feelings, and things †¢ It also contributed to brand equity by establishing the brand in memory and crafting a brand image Marketing communication contributes specifically to brand equity in the following ways: †¢ By creating awareness of the brand †¢ Linking the right associations to the brand image in the consumer’s memory †¢ Eliciting positive brand judgments or feelings †¢ Facilitating a stronger consumer-brand connection Marketing Communication Forms Marketing communication consists of 6 major modes of communication: Advertising: Any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor Sales Promotion: A variety of short-term incentives to encourage trial or purchase of a product or a service Events and Experiences: Company sponsored activities and programs designed to create daily or special brandrelated interactions Public relations and publicity A variety of programs designed to promote or protect a company’s image or its individual products Direct marketing: Use of mail, telephone, fax, e-mail, or internet to communicate directly with or solicit response or dialogue from specific customers or prospects Personal selling: Face-to-face interaction with one or more prospective purchasers for the purpose of making presentations, answering questions, and procuring orders Advertising Sales Promotion Events

The Importance of Music Nowadays Research Paper Example

The Importance of Music Nowadays Research Paper Example The Importance of Music Nowadays Paper The Importance of Music Nowadays Paper Music has accompanied people from time immemorial. In ancient times, music was part of religious ritual; in the Middles Ages, the first polyphonic compositions were written to praise God, and from the Renaissance, the world has seen an enormous development of different music forms. Today, you can hear music everywhere, at a concert, at home and even in a supermarket. It is difficult to imagine what the world would be like if there were no music. In this essay, I will examine this subject from the point of view of the professional musician and the music teacher, and to make the picture more complete, I will give my views. What, then, is music or how is this concept understood? If you ask a graduate of a conservatoire, or consult an encyclopaedia, you will know that music is the art of combining sounds into a unified whole, usually for an aesthetic purpose. This definition means that any piece of music has to be written by someone. For most of us, however, music is something we take for granted. You can buy a CD for a tiny fraction of your salary, or using your computer, at the flick of a switch, you can get the latest hits for free. Therefore, it is no wonder that the status of music has diminished substantially in the last fifty years. Professional musicians – who, as usual in such cases, should earn fame and fortune – are fighting a losing battle with ever cheaper sound systems. For most of them, it is not easy to get an opportunity to play live, let alone to find a place in a classical orchestra. Only few are lucky enough to make a career and big money; the rest end up as music teachers or have to retrain for jobs which will make them employable. As far as music teachers are concerned, whether retrained or otherwise, they cannot understand why so little emphasis is placed on aesthetic values in education today. They feel very disappointed as they see music giving way to mathematics and foreign languages. They claim that in the long run music can develop children’s creativity and imagination. Another benefit of musical skills, according to teachers, is making new friends. Music, they add, is a universal language which bridges the gaps in human relationships. It is often said that people from opposing factions are on common ground when they play or talk about music. Having presented the views of professional musicians and music teachers, I want to offer my thoughts on the subject. I have attended a music school, and I have to say that those were very important years in the formation of my character, temperament and stamina. On many occasions, being dejected and dispirited, I tried to seek and then I found refuge in my music. Also, through music, I have made a lot of friends and been to many places in the world. Last but not least, playing music is a good exercise for your brain and body and is more enjoyable than listening to it. The status of music would be raised if we made a concerted effort to give it due attention: music lessons as important as mathematics and languages, more financial support to professional musicians, less publicity surrounding the release of a new hit and more programmes about classical music.

Science and Materials for construction and the built Enviroment Essay

Science and Materials for construction and the built Enviroment - Essay Example Its strength and durability make it a great choice for structures exposed to high amounts of stress, such as weather, heat, large amounts of applied force and constant usage† (LaRoche, 1999). Modifying the chemical structure of the alloy permits steel to have enhanced and multiple uses. It has many other benefits apart from construction of roads and buildings, such as building of ships, cars and every other means of transport. It can literally be said that steel is unconstrained in its possible benefits. It is a major element in the construction of home appliances, automobiles, and shipping containers and various other machines. 2. Copper It is a thin wired metal with a high-level of thermal and electrical conductivity. It is used as a conductor of electricity and heat, a building material, and as a constituent element in various metal mixtures. The low stiffness of copper describes its huge electrical conductivity and, therefore, also high thermal conductivity, which is the se cond most important feature among pure metals at room temperature. This is since the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature frequently derives from dispersion of electrons in thermal atmosphere of the network, which is comparatively nullified in case of a soft metal. â€Å"The maximum permissible current density of copper in open air is approximately 3.1?106 A/m2 of cross-sectional area, above which it begins to heat excessively† (Phillip, 2006). Electrical conductivity is a vital property in electrical wiring technique. Copper has the maximum electrical conductivity ranking among all non-precious metals. A distinctive combination of high strength and high ductility enables copper to be perfect for wiring systems. In electrical systems, high thermal conductivity is necessary for dispersing waste heat, mainly at terminations and links. It is also necessary for dropping energy consumption appropriate to the creation of waste heat. 2. Aluminum Aluminum i s a metal similar to copper, steel, brass, zinc, lead and titanium. It can be dissolved, radiated, created and developed like the aforementioned metals and it also conducts electric current. The strength and durability of an aluminum mixture differs generally, not only accordingly of the elements of the specific mixture, but also as a result of heat treatments and production procedure. Aluminum is a tremendous heat and electricity conductor and in association to its weight, it is approximately twice as high-quality a conductor as copper. This has led to aluminum being the main generally applied material in main power transmission approach. 3. Timber Timber is light, strong and reliable form and timber construction is easy and secure than steel or concrete construction material. Good featuring, coating and protection ensure that goods produced from timber are durable. Though many buildings become outdated and are destroyed long before the ending of their usual lives, timber construct ion properly planned and preserved could have an imprecise life. The input to extended life provides security from weather, insects and decomposers, with the help of fixed design featuring, surface coating systems, collection of durable types, and stabilized treatment procedures. The flexibility and strength property is â€Å"due to the (abundance) of interlocked fibers to provide strength. The direction and structure of the cells also effects the strength of the timber, straight grained

Social Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Topic - Essay Example Of all of the diseases which are passed along socially, HIV and AIDS are the most feared and misunderstood. The purpose of this paper is to examine and research the social disease known as HIV and AIDS. When talking about any disease, even sexually transmitted diseases, it is important to know that diseases are not prejudice. Yes, there is genetically inherited diseases which take place with respect to an individual’s genotype and there are social diseases that result from certain cases of being exposed or from people’s behavior, like unsafe sex. Diseases however are a medical problem and are without human prejudice. Diseases, whether bacterial in nature or viral in nature, are opportunists and will take over and infect any available living thing that meets their needs. In other words, a viral infection does not simply take over in those with a type of orientation or religion. It happens when host is available. When the first reports of HIV and AIDS came into view in the 1980’s, a sexual revolution had ended and then it came a deadly STD where before that, only menacing STD’s were around. Because of the medical scare attached to HIV and AIDS, people responded as they have for millennia with a need to find blame. The 1980’s also brought in the beginning of a socially acceptable alternative to the strait life style. For many, this meant an easy scapegoat. The many gay men just gaining a sense of social acceptance were quickly labeled as carriers and/or spreaders of HIV and AIDS. The truth of the matter however, is that HIV is a virus which is spread through certain ways. This in actuality, has nothing to do with whether a person is gay or straight but rather whether the person has had unprotected sex or has been infected with HIV positive blood. To better understand how HIV is spread, it is important to mention that HIV is categorized as a ‘retro virus’. A r etro virus is a virus that can be contracted but can then lay inactive for a

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Leadership - Essay Example In organizations, managers are the leaders of the subordinates. Workers should obey the instructions from the managers in order to execute a project successfully. The manager’s ability to derive maximum out of a worker is one of the critical success factors of an organization. Managers may adopt many strategies to get the maximum out of a worker. Linking of rewards with performance and adoption of suitable management styles are some of the strategies taken by managers in organizations to improve the productivity of the workers. This paper briefly analyses the importance of linking of rewards with performance and best possible leadership styles to control employees in an organization. Recognitions are important in personal and professional life. Nobody likes to work in an organization if the organization fails to recognize their good performances and complement them with rewards. Rewards are motivating factors for the employees to increase their performances and productivity. â€Å"Great leaders will seek to create environments where their followers are rewarded for their hard work and success† (The Importance of Using Rewards and Recognition To Lead, 2010). Rewards can be given in different forms like incentives, praising words, promotions etc. It is a fact that majority of the employees are working for money rather than helping an organization. They will work hard if they have the prospects of getting more money linked with more performances. Rewards can motivate all the employees irrespective of who is getting it. Those who failed to get reward will definitely try to improve their performance in anticipation of a possible reward in future. In some cases, even a praising word by the manager may serve as a great boost to the employees. It is not necessary that financial gains alone may motivate an employee. Some employees attach more value to the psychological factors and the praising words may

Urban Land Prices in a Market System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Urban Land Prices in a Market System - Essay Example There are many factor demand and supply determinants that are likely to impact the prices of the land. But, for our initial understanding we know that as far as land is concerned its demand may be very large or infinite but the supply of land that is available for any purpose is fixed such that an invariably high price change is also unable to alter the supply in any way. Thus, when we consider land pricing in terms of factors effecting demand and supply then too we know that there are some strange and peculiar behaviors for the price of land which is normally known as rent. Now individually, we will consider the effect of factor demand and supply on the land prices. The factor demand can be price, productivity of the prices of other factors. These affect by causing the shift in the demand curve. According to the common rule of law, an increase in factor price decreases the demand for it and decrease in factor prices increases the demand for it. Firstly, let's consider the factors that are likely to affect the demand of land; speaking in context of urban land markets people generally prefer land for housing located near the city centre, land is valued more where it is in proximity with the local nodes than far from them, and also land is preferred in areas where living conditions are better and the standard of living is relatively high. Thus in these areas or localities land prices are relatively higher compared to areas far from the city centre or where the living conditions are shabby. Another factor affecting the demand is productivity, when we talk about the productivity of land here in the urban sense e refer to the amount of the urban containment that the land can have. This is affected by the conventional planning and also the zoning practices of the area such as housing size requirements etc. Thus, it is noticed that urban containment has grown over the years and hence the prices of the urban areas has also increased. Lastly, another factor that is likely to impact the demand of goods is the change in prices of another goods, substitutes or complements. In areas where there are chances of development, the land is in more demand and hence, the price of land increases more rapidly compared to the areas that are relatively stable and already developed. Now, moving onto the factor supply and its effect on the price and the quantity supplied, some of the determinants include market supply determinants which include the resource prices, technology, other prices, expectations and the number of the sellers; then there are market demand determinants and lastly the mobility of the factors. In considering the supply of land in urban areas then it is driven by topography, physical conditions, patterns of land ownership, availability of infrastructure and also the government regulations. The urban land markets are not monopolistic at all, since the ownership of land is quite diffused and not at all concentrated in a few hands; therefore it becomes difficult to determine the price under one roof. And the value of land in urban areas is largely determined by the few large sellers, when there preferences change in total then they tend to sell the land as earliest as possible. But the utmost characteristics of land supply are that it is limited and no factor can facilitate

Summary On Luxurious Watch In India Marketing Essay

Summary On Luxurious Watch In India Marketing Essay Good times are predicted and as well as seen for the watch industry in India, where the consumers going unmindful of their prices. Due to the emergence of a powerful middle class in India will keep the countrys economy on an upswing. If industry experts are to be believed then the country holds a very huge potential market for the luxurious watch, where earlier the market was dominated by only HMT and Allwyn brands. The industry currently is holding $195 million despite the fact that the penetration of watches is the lowest when compared globally and this resulting the other global companies to settle up there base in India where the average growth rate can be predicted to be around 20 25 percent per year, total size of the market for luxirous watch is estimated to be 600 cr which plans to stick to high tagline and is ready to witness a whopping 1.40 lakh families spending on such brands by 2010 as compared to 2000 families in 2002. The top brands in luxurious watch segment are the Swiss, Rado, Tagheuar, Casio, Cartier, Rolex, Omega and others. The government has control over the international brand price and there is severe price competition. Porters 5 force model Industry Analysis Intense Rivalry: This is where rivalry exists among competitors of the same industry to an extent where pressure is put on one another and limits each others profit potential. Luxurious watch industry in India is highly competitive as there are various numbers of different players fighting among themselves. The key players of Indian market are following : Titan HMT Timex The new entrants in to the watch industry are the Swiss, Rolex, Omega, and Rado where Omega is dominating the industry by 27 percentages. Due to the new entrants, the market share for the key players has lowered. The top 5players currently holding 15percentage of market share. The industry is very attractive for the new companies to come and therefore growth prospectuses are quite high. The main reason for the intense industry rivalry is due to entry barriers that are quite low. Swiss and Rolex have created big brands over the year. Bargain power of Buyers: Due to changing trend in the market, people have high preference of buying unpredictably. Consumers have been provided a wide scope on selecting on their choice along with the niche market that adds up an advantage to the consumer. As the market prices are not sensitive that is, it does not show the effect when there is change in stock exchange. Moreover, due to the uniqness in the product there is relatively low brand switching. Bargain Power of Suppliers: For an industry, achieving loyalty of customers is difficult, companies within the industry are having, and developing innovative products that fulfil customer needs in order to achieve the loyalty. Since there are number of companies with in the same industry, it has made tough for the suppliers to whom to work and supply. Threat of substitute: having an alternative product with lower price but with better quality and performance explains the concept of threat of substitute. For the watch industry, the threat of substitute is very high since most of us can access to mobile phones, handled computing devices, which are capable of providing correct timings as well for different countries without having to access other mobile phones. Since the growth rate of the market is rising slowly, there is the threat where the population considered to be, as middle class prefer to own watch, which are cheap, and does show time. Threat of New Entrants : threat of new entrants in the watch industry is quite low as India is growing at a slow space and since there is growing number of finance companies coming up to finance, more and more international brands coming in and settling down and establishing themselves. In the situation when a new entrant enters in the market, change major determinants of the market environment, determinants such as market shares, prices, customer loyalty. Entrants as Omega and Rolex consider the market as challenging because of the existing companies have closer relationships with the customers and most importantly have to consider the brand switching from one company to another. Pestle Analysis for the industry Political factors: Stability of government is not well settled and hence requires better stability though it is not highly affected. However, there are cases when instability causes a foreign company or a brand to enter the market. Due to excessive advertisement where family concern has to be taken, in some case it is not done and hence intervenes of the political issues. Moreover, since political issues are involved there are threatening to the investors who had to invest in foreign advertisements. Since most of the materials to build are imported which attracts huge amount of Excise Duty on Manufacturing Retail Price instead of the manufacturing. Due to which most of the luxurious watch are literally out of reach to those who wanted to at least own. Economic Stability : When talking about India, there are various number of taxes like, Excise duty (State and central), Custom duty, Profession tax, Service tax, Income tax, Royalty, Larcenous fees, hazardous substance handling and other charges to be paid which makes the total amount to be around 40 45 percentage of the actual cost. During the recession time, where Asian countries were least affected, where rising incomes in the emerging market which have led to the new categories of buyers. Though huge numbers of taxes are involved, there are still potential opportunities for ultra expensive watch manufactures to set up their base in India. Social Culture: association with the luxury items and having self-esteems and creating a social status of a person creates more demand for having a luxurious product; in this case, it is the luxurious watch. Culture is developing themselves to own a luxury watch in order to full fill their self esteem and also stand out of crowd, this attracting more number of investors to invest into the foreign brands. Technology: Here technology plays an extensive role where conversion of analogue to digital waterproof watches which have created a huge market for the developers to have more innovative watches. Environmental factor: this factor does not affect much of the watch industry, unless if its summer time where over heating of new technologies in watch are noticed and its very rare. The Structural drivers leading to the growth of industry The cost globalisation: this factor gives potential for competitive advantage since some of the international luxurious watch companies, which deal in large volume standardized production required for optimum economics of scale and find the electric components required manufacturing and other parts regarding the watch are easily available with less cost factor. Labour cost in India is quite cheaper than other countries because highly skilled but low cost staffs are available. The drivers to the growth of watch industry are due to the Economic factor, Social factors, Demographic factors which play an extensive role to motivate the consumers to buy which includes occupation, education level of a person, lifestyle of a person, and the main one is the Psychological attributes like attitude, value system which influences people to buying behaviour. Since nature of having a luxurious item is perceived by an individual is a status symbol in a society and displays the wealth or the income are related to conspicuous consumption, which is a socio economic phenomenon. There is an also increase trend in market globalisation where customer needs and preferences are becoming more similar. As markets globalize, those operating in such markets become global customers and may search suppliers who may operate on global basis. Other drivers are globalization of government policies and globalization of competition where most of the international brands find themselves less competitive in India as most of the international brands are not available in all parts of India and government policies have encouraged free trade markets between nations. Industry Life cycle If experts are to be believed then it has said watch industry entered in the market in late 1969 and since then it has been growing drastically. When compared with Switzerland which possesses close to 100percentage of the luxury market value which represents 45percentage of the market value and hence making them the world leaders. India is too coming up with the luxurious watch. However, not entire part of the country holds up the luxurious department stores but do have in majority ones. The watch industry in India is slowly moving from the shakeout stage to the maturity stage. Shake out stage is the second level of stage in industry where new industries are emerged and competitors start to realise business opportunities in the emerging industry whereas maturity stage is where efficiencies of the dominant business model give these organisations competitive advantage over competition (Kotler, 2003). The competition is very aggressive because of many competitors and product substitutes . Market Scenarios Intervene of new technologies, which is causing decline in usage of watches. Due to the involvement of mobile industry, the watch industry is being saturated. The product seems to be in a decline stage especially when seen in Europe where sales having dropped down to 20 % 30 % and globally fell off to 22.4 of percentage. The top leaders Swiss manufactures fell by 22.4% worldwide (Federation of Swiss watch industry). People have this perception when there exists a mobile handy, which could show numerous country timings then why an expensive watch that only shows limited country timings have. Another anticipated market scenario is that there would be no change in the growth rate of the industry, which would probably mean that the industry would not have any diversification and there will be no further expansion of the industry in the market. If profits decline for the watch industry, then it would probably take longer to recover. Another reason to be worried of in future is that the lifestyle and environment factors of younger generation where they prefer to have trendy look kind of product and at the same time the particular trend would be either outdated or faded in the industry and the main important factor is that the limited. Source of getting gems and liquid metals to manufacture watch would mean reduction or decline in growth of manufacturing. The main scenario which could be a problematic in future is the growth of luxurious watch brands in India, where the country is still considered to be as developing country and poverty still exists and due to this number of people who belong to the medium class average income earners would probably have a second thought of getting a luxurious watch which they could feel if mobile exists then why to go for a high end watch. As the industry is not in to that much of advertising about a particular brand or even if a new brand that comes into the market, people have no idea what a particular brand might represent as. In addition, for those who know little about a brand, only prefer a niche segment that is where the Tag Heuer as the brand ambassador of this brand happens to be a popular superstar. Since the growth in India is around 10 15 percentage annually, it is considered to be as the lowest in the market when compared globally.

Anne Bradstreet and Her Feelings Toward Men Essays -- Bradstreet Poetr

Anne Bradstreet and Her Feelings Toward Men Growing up in the early 1600's was a tough time for many people, especially women. Women were very much discriminated against and made to fulfill the duties that were in the household and nothing else beyond that. Anne Bradstreet was a woman that grew up during this time as a Puritan. Puritans believed that humans could only achieve goodness if they worked hard, were self-disciplined, and constantly examining themselves to make sure that they were living their lives for God. Due to this way of looking at life, Anne Bradstreet had little time for writing her poetry. Being a mother of eight children and a devoted wife one would think that Bradstreet wasn't carrying out her duties to her family and God if she was busy writing poetry. Therefore if people knew that she was writing this poetry she would not want them to think less of her so she would write it in a happy and family oriented sense showing how devoted she was to her family through her poetry. That is why Bradstreet writes how she does in the poem To My Dear and Loving Husband. She writes as if to portray that she has a great relationship with her husband and God. Although from her other poem, Prologue, one can see that underneath she truly feels betrayed by the men in her life and by men in general. In the poem To My Dear and Loving Husband, Bradstreet is professing how wonderful her and her husband's marriage is. To My Dear and Loving Husband If ever two were one then surely we. If ever man were loved by wife, then thee; If ever wife was happy in a man, Compare with me, ye women, if you can. I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold Or all the riches that the East doth hold. My love is such that rivers can... ... in society. I don't think that she is necessarily fighting for equality here because that was unheard of back in the Puritan age, but she would appreciate a little respect and acknowledgment for her talents. Bradstreet is being viewed as a typical Puritan woman who would like to feel that she is useful for more then the average "household" woman status. Works Cited Bradstreet, Anne. "Prologue." The Tenth Muse Lately sprung up in America. Ed. I. Lancashire. London: Stephen Bowtell, 1650. 3-4. Bradstreet, Anne. "To My Dear and Loving Husband." The Columbia Anthology of American Poetry. Ed. Jay Parini. New York: Columbia UP, 1995. 28. Chapman, Wes. The Web of American Poetry Teaching Notes. Martin, Wendy. "An American Triptych." The Norton Poetry Workshop. Ed. James F. Knapp. Online. Accessed 9/25/01. www.wwnorton.com/introlit/poetry/abrad/critWM.htm.

Pioglitazone: From discovery to clinical practice Essay

The most common type of diabetes is Type II diabetes mellitus which occurs in more that 90% of the cases of diabetes reported (Thomas, 2013). Type I diabetes is not as common  and is caused by destruction of the islet of Langerhans due to susceptibility of an autoimmune destruction leading to a reduced amount of insulin produced and glucose intolerance (Feinglos,2008). Type I diabetes is mostly diagnosed in children and young adults. Unlike diabetes type  I, Type II diabetes mellitus is mostly diagnosed in older people and is caused by unhealthy lifestyles (Thomas, 2013). Type II diabetes is characterized by production of insulin which does not perform its function. It in turn leads to a situation referred to as insulin resistance. The patients will suffer from low levels of insulin which functions as   a component  for the regulation of body sugar (Feinglos, 2008). The number of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is normal or somewhat reduced. It is mostly characterized by hyperglycemia that is associated with the insufficient or dysfunctional insulin present in the body (Thomas, 2013). Abnormal coagulation, hypertension and diabetic dyslipidemia are also commonly reported to signify the occurrence of type II diabetes mellitus. The increased number of obesity cases has seen the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type II in teenagers and young adults (Feinglos, 2008). In cases when the patient is not obese, there is a presence of high fat distribution in the body (Feinglos, 2008). People suffering from Type II diabetes mellitus, unlike type I diabetes, do not need regular injections of insulin (Thomas, 2013). The management of type II diabetes involves the control of the increased levels of blood sugar. It is, however, important to note that the reduction of the sugar levels should not surpass the normal blood sugar levels. Because most of the patients are overweight, exercise, a proper balanced diet and reduction of weight is fundamental in the management of type II diabetes mellitus (Feinglos, 2008). Pioglitazone                  Pioglitazone is a drug belonging to a class of thiazolidinediones and is used in the management and of type II diabetes mellitus (Schatz, 2000). Since the body is unable to control the increasing levels of sugar in the blood, pioglitazone is used to increase the sensitivity to insulin (Feinglos, 2008). The drug, however, does not cure the diabetes mellitus but only helps the body in maintaining  normal  blood sugar levels. It is an oral formulation and can be taken twice daily with or without taking meals (Schatz, 2000). It is able to achieve this by inhibiting the hepatic gluconeogenesis process and also increase peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake which implies that there is a minimal occurrence of increased blood sugar levels (Feinglos, 2008). It effects can be seen in the short term and also in the long-term (Schatz, 2000). The use of pioglitazone can be done according to the doctor’s prescription. It also important to inform the docto r before stopping the use or if any complications arise while using pioglitazone.The development of pioglitazone is based on the discovery of gene SOCS3 (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3) (Schatz, 2000). The elevation of the gene causes interferon resistance that in turn causes insulin resistance in the liver. Depletion of this gene has been made possible by pioglitazone which results in the reduced insulin resistance in the liver although it may cause systemic insulin resistance (Schatz, 2000). The suppression of gene SOCS3 by pioglitazone gives it the antiglycemic and ant diabetic property hence it has bee used in the management of the two cases. References Thomas, M. (2013).  Understanding type 2 diabetes: Fewer highs fewer lows better health. Wollombi, N.S.W: Exisle Publishing. Feinglos, M. N., & Bethel, M. A. (2008).  Type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evidence-based approach to practical management. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. Schatz, H. (2000).  Pioglitazone: From discovery to clinical practice. Heidelberg: Barth Source document

Law of Torts

PAPER-4 (LL1008) LAW OF TORT AND CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS nd st (2 Semester, 1 Year of the 3-Year LLB course) PART A- Law of torts PART B – Consumer Protection Law PART –A General Principles 1. General Principles – Definition, distinction between tort, crime, contract, breach of trust. 2. Essential conditions of liability – Damnum Since injuria, Injuria sine damnum, Malice, Motive. 3. Foundations of tortuous liability, fault liability, strict liability, principles of insurance in torts. 4.Capacity of parties to use and / or be used – State its subordinates – executive officers, judicial officers – mirrors corporation, unicorporated bodies, trade unions, etc foreign soveriengs, convicts bank rupts. 5. General defences – consent, resources cases, inevitable accident, Act of G mistake private defence, necessity statutory authority, act of State. 6. Remedies – Judical and extra judicial Damages- kinds of damages remoteness of damages- comparison with principles in contracts ; novas actus intervenes, successive action on the same facts, Merger of tort in felony. . Vicarious liability – Master and Servant – Distinction between servant and independent contractor, concept of servant, course of employment, Hospital cases, Masters duties towards servants, servants duties to his master, Servant with two masters, common employment, liability for tort of independence contractors, criminal acts of servants. 8. Joint tort feasors – common law rules, law reform act, 1935 applicability in India of the English principles. 9. Effect of death of parties in tort – Motor Vehicle accident cases. Specific Torts : 10.Wrong to person – assult, battery, false imprisonment 11. Wrongs to property – trespass to land, continuing trespass, trespass to goods, convesion, detinue specific restitution. 12. Wrong to reputation – defamation – libel, slander- principles governing li ability for defamation; defences – Justificaiton fair comment principles – absolute and qualified. 13. Negligence – Proof of negligence principle in Donoghue Vs Stevenson, requirements standard of care, resipsa loquiture contributory negligence, principles in Devies Vs Mann the last opportunity rules- constructive last opportunity rule. 4. Dangerous chattels – duty to persons permitted or invited to use chattel duty to immediate and ultimate transferee.23 15. Deceit- rule in Derry Vs Peek, principles of liability, exceptions – liability for negligent mis statement. 16. Injury of Servitudes, Nuisance, Private and Public – defences valid and invalid 17. Occupier’s liability – (1) under a contract (2) as invitee (3) as licence (4) as trespasser (5) Child Visitor. 18. Conspiracy – requirements 19. Injurious falsehood – slander of title, slander of goods – passing off interference with freedom of contract, intim ation. 0. Wrongs of family relations – husband and wife, parents and child, seduction – enticement, loss of service. 21. Strict liability- rule in Rylands Vs Fletcher, exceptions to the rule, liability for animals, cattle trespass. 22. Abuse of legal process – malicious prosecution, malicious civil proceedings, maintenance and champerty. New and emergent torts (Pages 36 to 43 of Salmond, 20th ed. And pages 324 to 327 of Pillai – 8th Edition) Books for Reference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Salmond Winfield Ratanlal Ramaswamy Iyer Gandhi B. M.Achutan Pillai James Law of Torts Law of Torts Law of Torts Law of Torts Law of Torts Law of Torts Introduction of the Law of Torts Cases to be studies 1. Ashby Vs White : Smith leading cases 266 912 ed (Legal Damages) 2. Mayor of Bradford Vs Pickles : (1895) AC 587 (Malic – relevancy) 3. Haynes Vs Harwood (1935) 1 KB 146 (Rescue Cases) 4. Stanley Vs Powell : 11 (1891) 1 OB 86 (Inveitable accident) 5. Bird Vs Hallorook (1828) 4 Bing 628=861 of Morrison – case on Torts (No duty to trespasser) 6. Bird Vs Hallorook (1828) 4 Bing 628=861 of Morrison –case on Torts (No duty to trespasser) 7.Buron Vs Denman (1848) 2 Ex 167 (Act of State) 8. Mersey Docks & Harbour Board Vs Coggins and Griffiths : (1946) 2 ALER 345 (Liability of the servant lent to another) 9. Llyod Vs Grace, Smith and Co (1912) 1 ABD 814 (Liability for projection over highway and for independent contracts act) 10. Tarry Vs Ashtorf (1876) 1 ABD 814 (Liability for projection over highway and for independent contractors acts) 11. Kasturilal and Ralia Ram Vs State of UP AIR 1965 SC 1039 (Governments liability for torts of its servants) 4 12. Wilsons and Clyde coas Co Vs English (1938) AC 57 = (1973) 03 All ER 628 (Masters duty to servants) 13. Polemis and furness with and Co (1921) 3 KB 560 (Fest Remoteness) 14. Over seas Tankshop (JK) Ltd Morts Dock and Engineering Co (1961) AC 388 = (1961) 1 ALL ER 494 (Tests of remoteness o f damage) 15. Rose Vs Ford (1937) AC 826 (1937) 3 ALL ER (359) Damages for loss of expectation of life. 16. Bird Vs Jones (1845) 7 AB 742 temporary false imprisonment (1912) KB 496 (necessity as a justification) 17.Six carpenters case (1610) 8 Co Rep 146 on Smith leading cases Vol 1 P 127 (Tress ab initio) 18. Cassidy Vs Daily Mirror News papers Ltd (1929) 2 KB 331 (defamation unintentional publication) 19. Blyth Vs Birmingham Water worked Co (1856) II Ex 781 (Definition of negligence) 20. Donoghue Vs Stevenson (1932) AC 562 (damages for breach of duty of care negligence) 21. Davies Vs Mann (1842) 10 546 or Morrison cases on torts 688 (last opportunity rules) 22. British Columbia Electric Railway Vs Loach (1916) 1 AC 759 (Constructive last opportunity rules) 23.Hambrook Vs Stroke Brothers (1925) 1 KG 141 (Nervous Shac) 24. Derry Vs Peek (1889) 14 AC 337 (deceit requirements of) 25. Hedley Byrne and Co ltd Vs Heller and Partners Ltd (1963) 2 ALL ET 575 (Liability for negligent mis st atements) 26. Francis Vs Cockrel (1870) LR 5 OB 591 (concept of dangerous premises) 27. Fairman Vs Peretuall investment building society (1923) AC 74 Occupoiers duty to licences) 28. Indermour Vs Dames (1866) LR 1 CP 274 (Occupiers liability to persons entering under contract) 29.Cooke Vs Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland (1909) AC 229 (Occupers liability to children) 30. Crofter Hand Waven Harris Tweed Co Ltd Vs Veitch (1942) AC 435 = (1942) 1 ALL ER 142 (Conspiracy) 31. Lubley Vs Gye (1853) 2 Ed 216 (introducing a breach of contract) 32. Rylands Vs Fletcher (1868) LR 3 HL 339 = Smiths leading cases Vol 278 (Strict liabiolity principle) 33. Read Vs Lyons & Ltd (1945) KB 216 = (1945) 1 ALL ER 106 (escape necessary for strict liability) 34. May Vs Burdett (18460 9 AB 101 (Liability for animals) 25 PART- B ( 2nd Semester, 1st Year of the 3-Year LLB course)CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW Consumer Protection Act – 1986- Definitions, consumer Protection Councils, their objects â₠¬â€œ consumer Disputes Redressal agencies – District forum, State Commission, National Commission- their jurisdiction, constitution, powers, procedure – appeals, reliefs to the parties, enforcement of the orders. Reading materials 1. Consumer Protection Act 1986 2. Law of Consumer Protection 3. Law of Consumer Protection 4. Law of Consumer Protection 5. Law of Consumer Protection Gurubax Singh D. N. Saraf R. K. Bangia Kaushal